A clear vocabulary for modern learning.

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure that takes an input and produces an output.

An API (Application Programming Interface) is a defined contract that lets one software system talk to another.

App Development is the practice of building software applications, most commonly for mobile devices.

Software Development is the practice of designing, building, testing and maintaining computer programs.

Web Development is the practice of building websites and web applications — front-end interfaces, back-end services and the systems that connect them.

Artificial Intelligence is the field of building software systems that can perceive, reason, learn and generate content.

ChatGPT is a conversational AI assistant built on OpenAI's GPT family of large language models.

Claude is an AI assistant built by Anthropic, known for careful reasoning and long-context understanding.

Gemini is Google's family of multimodal AI models, capable of working across text, images, audio and video.

Generative AI refers to AI systems that create new content — text, images, code or audio — based on learned patterns.

A Large Language Model is an AI system trained on massive text data to understand and generate human-like language.

Prompt Engineering is the practice of designing instructions that get useful, accurate output from AI models.

Cloud Computing is the on-demand delivery of compute, storage and services over the internet.

A CRM is a system that stores customer information and tracks interactions across sales, marketing and support.

Digital Marketing is the practice of attracting and converting audiences using digital channels — content, search, social, email and ads.

A funnel is a model of how visitors move through discovery, consideration and conversion.

SEM (Search Engine Marketing) is the practice of buying visibility in search results through paid ads.

SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is the practice of improving a website so it ranks well in organic search results.

CSS is the style language used to visually design and lay out web pages.

HTML is the markup language used to define the structure and content of a web page.

JavaScript is the programming language of the web, running in every modern browser.

Programming is the act of writing instructions in a language a computer can execute.

Data Science is the practice of turning data into decisions using statistics, programming and domain understanding.

Deep Learning is a type of machine learning that uses many-layered neural networks to learn complex patterns.

Machine Learning is a branch of AI where systems learn patterns from data instead of following fixed rules.

A Neural Network is a computational model of interconnected nodes that transform inputs into outputs through learned weights.

DNA is the molecule that stores the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of living organisms.

A gene is a segment of DNA that encodes a specific molecular function, typically a protein.

Genetic Engineering is the direct modification of an organism's DNA to change its traits or produce a desired product.

Embedded Systems are dedicated computing systems built into a product to perform a specific function.

Firmware is low-level software written directly for a specific piece of hardware.

A microcontroller is a small computer on a single chip, used to control embedded devices.

A sensor is a component that detects physical phenomena — temperature, motion, light, sound — and converts them into signals.

Finance is the study of how individuals, companies and governments raise, allocate and manage money over time.

Financial Modeling is the practice of building spreadsheet-based representations of a business's finances to forecast performance and value.

Human Resources is the function responsible for hiring, developing, supporting and retaining people inside an organisation.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical devices that sense, connect and exchange data over the internet.

Investment Banking is a financial advisory practice that helps companies raise capital, execute M&A and access capital markets.

Mechanical Engineering is the discipline of designing and building physical machines and systems.

Medical Billing is the process of submitting and following up on healthcare claims with insurance companies to get providers paid.

Medical Coding translates clinical documentation into standardised codes used for billing, insurance and healthcare records.

Robotics is the field of building machines that sense, decide and act in the physical world.

RTL (Register-Transfer Level) is a hardware description that captures how data flows between registers on each clock cycle.

A semiconductor is a material — typically silicon — whose conductivity can be controlled to build electronic components.

VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) is the design of integrated circuits that combine millions of transistors on a single chip.